Discuss how origins are explored through realist and...

Discuss how origins are explored through realist and other conventions referring to Great Expectations and Frankenstein. Realism is the presentation of art to show life as it is. Realist fiction is the platform which allows the reader to be addressed in such a way that he or she is always, in some way, saying, Yes. Thats it, thats how it really is. The realist novel, in trying to show us the world as it is, often reaffirms, in the last instance, the way things are. In Great Expectations, and Frankenstein, we are exposed to the harsh certainties of realism, albeit whilst exploring very different story lines. Each respective author has employed various techniques to make their stories more believable. Both novels are†¦show more content†¦Through this technique, we are inside Pips mind, sharing his consciousness, and experiences. We are exposed to Pips origins and orphan status in the following passage: As I never saw my father or my mother, and never saw any likeness of either of the my first fancies regarding what they were like were unreasonably derived from their tombstones. The shape of the letters on my fathers gave me an odd idea that he was a square, stout, dark man, with curly black hair. From the character and turn of the inscription, Also Georgiana Wife of the Above, I drew a childish conclusion that my mother was freckled and sickly. (Ch.1. p.3) This passage conveys Pips thoughts as they mingle with his perception of the outside world. We are immediately sympathetic toward Pip not only because he is an orphan, but also because of his naivety and romantic idealism when describing his parents. Pips wish to become a gentleman begins when he meets Miss Havisham and the beautiful Estella. He doesnt desire to be anything else, but is then forced, by Estella, to see himself from a completely different perspective: He calls the knaves, Jacks, this boy what coarse hands he has. And what thick boots! I had never thought of being ashamed of my hands before; but I began to consider them a very indifferent pair. (Ch.8. p.60) He then sees himself in a new light, and becomes extremely ashamed of his status. The normality of his life, and the people heShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesbringing together the very diverse strands of work that today qualify as constituting the subject of organisational theory. Whilst their writing is accessible and engaging, their approach is scholarly and serious. It is so easy for students (and indeed others who should know better) to trivialize this very problematic and challenging subject. This is not the case with the present book. This is a book that deserves to achieve a wide readership. Professor Stephen Ackroyd, Lancaster University, UK This newRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesof the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. Black, ed., Modern American Queer History Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Sam Wineburg, Historical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts: Charting the Future of Teaching the Past Sharon Hartman Strom, Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Michael Adas, ed., Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History Jack MetzgarRead MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 Pagesprinting of this volume, have become obsolete and no longer correspond to the present state of my investigations.** Thus, in the case of partial changes in my orientation, or simply of new developments, or even when recent contributions to the field by other authors had to be accounted for, I have preferred toupdate merely by adding notes (rather long ones when necessary) instead of modifying the original texts. †  * Originally published in French under the title Essais sur la signification au cinema—TRANSLATOR

Political Ideology and Social Problem Analysis - 1944 Words

Abramovitz (2003) states, â€Å"To a large extent, the history of social services and social welfare policy consists of the evolving recognition of social needs and the organization of society to meet them† (p. 130). The United States has the highest rates of poverty in the Western world; surprisingly the United States is the richest nation in the world. In 1964, Lyndon B. Johnson introduced the War on Poverty. His approach was to expand the government’s role in the citizen’s education and health care, which in return would ensure that Americans had the most basic resources to meet their needs. Although there has been a one third decline in poverty since 1967, America continues to struggle to maintain the most basic necessities to†¦show more content†¦Conservatives are not concerned with the offender and why they chose to act a certain way. Conservatives believe that there should be more religion in government policy. Majority of Conservative views are based on religion. Liberal (The Left) Liberals are known for their â€Å"bleeding hearts,† they want to help everyone, especially those in poverty. Liberals believe being poor is not an individual decision, but from outside conditions that have affected the individual. Liberals accepts the concepts of a free market and acknowledge that there will always be inequity. Lewis Winderquist (2002) state, â€Å"Liberals contend that inadequate demand for labor and low human capital often force individuals into unemployment and poverty.† Due to these circumstances Liberals view the government intervening as necessary. Liberals, alongside Conservatives believe that education is imperative to successfully transitioning into the economy. Liberals thrive for higher education for the marginalized individuals. Liberals believe that with higher education, unemployed or marginalized citizens are able to compete for higher paying jobs which will remove them from their current economic status over time. This in return promot es individual enhancement and eventually large social change. Liberals are all for community development and change programs. They want the disenfranchised to thrive in society. They want to provide resources and referrals for those in need. Liberals belief is thatShow MoreRelatedThe Socialization And Dilution Of Marxist Theory Essay1701 Words   |  7 PagesTheory† in The Prison Notebooks, the Neo-Marxist ideology of cultural and social monopolies is the underlying source of bourgeoisie corruption and economic dysfunction. Gramsci‘s view of capitalist fascist ideology had failed to understand the complexity of capitalism as a system that dominated academia, the mass media, and other forms of institutionalization that co-opted Marxist leftists movements in the economic booms of the 1970s and 1980s: An analysis, for instance, of how the conservative regimesRead MoreSocial Analysis1489 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Analysis Assignment Social analysis means taking the time, habit, to question what is happening in the world around us. It means asking questions about society and looking for answers about whats going on and who it affects. Social analysis not only helps us develop a critical awareness of the world, but also to lead us toward social justice. 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Illustrating gender inequality the feminist theory analysis into the social fields of politics, business, media platforms, and social normalities. Research traditions include socio-psychology and semiotics due to the cause and effect relationships that help create social standards while also the symbolic forms of media that influence how people perceive and

Discuss the contribution that psychology has made to contemporary society Free Essays

Since Psychology has been known as a subject, it is very broad, and has contributed to many areas of society to the work place, school, prison and institutions. In the work place, managers are trained to deal and communicate effectively with employees and customers alike. This helps to keep both parties happy, and this causes less distress. We will write a custom essay sample on Discuss the contribution that psychology has made to contemporary society or any similar topic only for you Order Now Most work places are under law in which even people with mental health issues are allowed to be employed, and only in severe cases they will be unaccepted to the job. An occupational psychologist is able to find a job for those who are disabled and that would be able to meet their skills and knowledge. A couple of centuries ago, people who had mental illnesses wouldn’t be able to get a job, and are likely to be distinguished as ‘insane’ or ‘crazy’, because of the lack of help that was given at that time. In the school, the National Curriculum has been helped by the research of Psychology by the reflection of Piaget’s stages – showing that children are likely to cope with ideas when they are ready or at a given age. For example, those children who are at the concrete operation stage at age 11 should not be given anything to do with formal reasoning. Although, Vygotsky believed in scaffolding, this means by actively participating in groups to their level of understanding to be able to make them understand what they are being taught better. In prison, they use token economy systems which is based on operant conditioning for those who have good behaviour they are reinforced with tokens, and these can be saved up to be able to have a privileges to go out. The token economy system allow for prisoners to continue their repeated good behaviour. During court sessions they need to know whether someone is classified as insane, and whether they should go to psychiatric hospital or ward, or to prison because they are a criminal. In institutions, they also use the operant conditioning of token economy systems to be able to have the patients do good behaviour and to be reinforced with tokens. This allows to substitute the tokens to be able to have leave or be able to do more activities within the institution. Institutions also have social skills to help those with mental health issues to be able to understand how to make social interactions with other people – many of both offenders as well as patients lack these skills, and these can be developed through number of ways such as role play and rehearsal. How to cite Discuss the contribution that psychology has made to contemporary society, Papers

Film Review The Devil Came on Horseback Essay Example For Students

Film Review The Devil Came on Horseback Essay The documentary film Devil Came On Horseback is a tragedy that takes place in Darfur as seen through the eyes of an American witness, who has since returned to the U. S. to take action to stop it. It uses the photograph’s and first hand testimony of former U. S marine captain Brian Steidle to take the viewer on a journey into the heart of Darfur, Sudan. Where an Arab run government is systematically executing a plan to rid the province of its black African citizens. This documentary compares to the novel Night and shows elements of total pain in a way you couldnt imagine. Since this documentary has come out there has been some action to try to put a stop to the genocide. For starters, Devil Came On Horseback and the novel Night compare in a way such as the classification used for Darfur genocide is killing any members of a group and causing bodily or mentally harm to other members of a group. This isnt hard to see from the graphic pictures and incidents described of the gruesome killings everyday in Sudan. The novel Night compares to this classification as well. For instance, the Holocaust for genocide of the Jews. Both Darfur and the Holocaust werent a pretty site. The throwing of women, babies, and children into fire pits definitely falls under causing bodily harm to other members of a group. In addition, the documentary Devil Came On Horseback the main character Brain spoke out and tried to put a stop to Darfur and bring awareness to what has been going on there. He went on news stations and shared his first hand testimony along with the pictures he took, but nothing was done in the end to stop the genocide. The United Nations didnt put effort into stopping the gruesome attacks. Brain cried, â€Å" I feel guilty for not doing anything. We could only stand there and watch. People died and we took pictures. † It was eating Brian up inside that all he was able to do when being an observer in Darfur, Sudan was take pictures. He couldnt step in and take action even if he wanted to because the government didnt give him the okay to do so. As for the novel Night, nothing was done to stop the Holocaust. Hilter went on to kill thousands of innocent people with no consequences. Hilter and the Janjaweed were able to do unspeakable things to many people and the outcome caused many elements of total pain. In fact, the Africans in Darfur experienced physical, psychological and emotional pain. They were shot, beatened, women were raped and many Africans were killed by the Jajaweed. The little boy who endured the gunshot wound to the back, will always have that scar there to remind him of that very moment, and the physical pain that shot through his body as the bullet made contact with his skin. The women who were raped will never forget the excruciating pain they felt when raped by countless men. In attention, to the physical pain they endured, they experienced psychological pain as well, because they will never be able to unsee what they once saw. It will be burned into their memory, seeing their family members being burned alive or murdered to death by a hammer. Brian said, â€Å" the Jajaweed would cut their ears off and cut the eyes out. Shoot children and they will shake your hand and smile in your faces like nothing. Its like seeing the devil. Brain couldnt get the image out of this head, he will always have flashbacks of the Jajaweeds evil faces and the bodies of innocent children lying on the ground dead. Experiencing the loss of ones family and the pain from being raped or shot, the Africans couldnt help but feel emotional. One lady cried, â€Å" They took everything! We have nothing! Nothing! † They were stripped from their home and lost everything. Its ve ry emotional to go from having a home and food to nothing but the clothes on your back. Hoping that your family got out alive before the Jajaweed lit their hut on fire. .uc50ffeddccccdfe30b30a06a990e88d1 , .uc50ffeddccccdfe30b30a06a990e88d1 .postImageUrl , .uc50ffeddccccdfe30b30a06a990e88d1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc50ffeddccccdfe30b30a06a990e88d1 , .uc50ffeddccccdfe30b30a06a990e88d1:hover , .uc50ffeddccccdfe30b30a06a990e88d1:visited , .uc50ffeddccccdfe30b30a06a990e88d1:active { border:0!important; } .uc50ffeddccccdfe30b30a06a990e88d1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc50ffeddccccdfe30b30a06a990e88d1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc50ffeddccccdfe30b30a06a990e88d1:active , .uc50ffeddccccdfe30b30a06a990e88d1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc50ffeddccccdfe30b30a06a990e88d1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc50ffeddccccdfe30b30a06a990e88d1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc50ffeddccccdfe30b30a06a990e88d1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc50ffeddccccdfe30b30a06a990e88d1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc50ffeddccccdfe30b30a06a990e88d1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc50ffeddccccdfe30b30a06a990e88d1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc50ffeddccccdfe30b30a06a990e88d1 .uc50ffeddccccdfe30b30a06a990e88d1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc50ffeddccccdfe30b30a06a990e88d1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Matrix review EssayMany broke down and cried because they felt lost and didnt know what to do or where to go. Therefore, many elements of total pain were reflected in Darfur, Sudan. More importantly, with Brian speaking out and bringing awareness to whats going on in Darfur, Sudan, it opened up peoples eyes and although the United Nations didnt do much to stop the genocide,innocent bystanders like Sam Childers did. Sam Childers known as the Machine Gun Preacher was constantly in fist fights as a young teen, selling drugs and sleeping with married women. He continued to slide deeper into a life of violence and crimes. Hunted by his dads words, â€Å" Boy, somebodys gonna kill you one day† he started to distance himself from his old life. He found a job in construction and prospered despite his continuing drug and alcohol habit. As his wife Lynn returned to the church she had forsaken as a young child, Sam also sought to re-establish his relationship with God and began to live a clean life. Things began to change for the better, and the former biker opened up his own construction business and later joined a mission group to help repair huts damaged in Sudan. During his assignment Sam stumbled across a body of a child torn apart by a landmine. He fell to his knees and made a promise to God to do whatever it took to help the kids of Sudan. Sam returned to Sudan months later to run a mobile clinic, to fulfill his promise, he ventured across the nation upon doing so God sent him a message: I want you to build an orphanage for the children. God said and I want you to do it here and thats what Sam did. He built the orphanage and to this very day the orphanage is the largest in Sudan. It has fed and housed over thousands of children. Since Sam Childers stepped up and is making effort to help the children in Sudan a movie called the Machine Gun Preacher was released in September 2011. The movie Machine Gun Preacher is based off Sam Childers life and what hes done to help the children of Sudan. He sold his car, was willing to lose his house and sell his business just to have some extra cash to help the African American children in Sudan. With this movie coming out it brings awareness to the people of America. It shows whats truly going on over there just like in the documentary Devil Came On Horseback you will see some graphic things. For example, children being blown up, people getting shot, and faces being blown off, but it gives the viewer a good idea of whats truly going on in Sudan and what little is being done. Also, this movie shows that every little bit helps. You can save a innocent child’s life and make a difference if its from donating a few dollars to just wearing a t-shirt to show support of the organizations over there helping. The orphanage being built meant another chance at life for the kids of Sudan, if it meant a few days to a couple of months to years of life. It gave them hope and brung smiles upon their faces, knowing someones willing to try and help. Therefore, this movie shows a good understanding of what people are doing because if people didnt believe what Sam Childers did was far from amazing they wouldnt of made a movie about it to bring awareness to the situation. Furthermore, seeing the courage it took Brain and Sam Childers to try their hardest to make a difference in Sudan, I believe the least I could do is just spread the news to people of whats going on in Sudan. .uda2dc831a7c2134b85c6bb450e144de8 , .uda2dc831a7c2134b85c6bb450e144de8 .postImageUrl , .uda2dc831a7c2134b85c6bb450e144de8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uda2dc831a7c2134b85c6bb450e144de8 , .uda2dc831a7c2134b85c6bb450e144de8:hover , .uda2dc831a7c2134b85c6bb450e144de8:visited , .uda2dc831a7c2134b85c6bb450e144de8:active { border:0!important; } .uda2dc831a7c2134b85c6bb450e144de8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uda2dc831a7c2134b85c6bb450e144de8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uda2dc831a7c2134b85c6bb450e144de8:active , .uda2dc831a7c2134b85c6bb450e144de8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uda2dc831a7c2134b85c6bb450e144de8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uda2dc831a7c2134b85c6bb450e144de8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uda2dc831a7c2134b85c6bb450e144de8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uda2dc831a7c2134b85c6bb450e144de8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uda2dc831a7c2134b85c6bb450e144de8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uda2dc831a7c2134b85c6bb450e144de8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uda2dc831a7c2134b85c6bb450e144de8 .uda2dc831a7c2134b85c6bb450e144de8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uda2dc831a7c2134b85c6bb450e144de8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Cinema Of Attraction - Past and Present EssayEven if I cant go to Sudan and make a difference in that way, there is many other ways I can. For example, I can start a blog about Sudan and all the innocent lives being taken to bring awareness to the American people who dont quite know, I can donate a few dollars when I can spare it, and I could wear t-shirts of the organizations helping over in the Sudan area. Every little bit helps, it may not be a huge difference, but something so small can lead to something so big. All you have to do is believe in something and make a stand, and sooner or later someone will listen. Therefore, the documentary Devil Came On Horseback is a tragedy that takes place in Darfur as seen through the eyes of an American witness. When he returns to the Unite States, he speaks out about what hes seen over in Darfur, Sudan and tries to get help to put a stop to the genocide that takes place. This particular Documentary has a lot going on and can relate to the novel Night in ways it shouldnt and reflects total pain such as, physical, psychological and emotional pain. Certain people have taken action to try an help the innocent Africans being harmed in Sudan and remember they can always use a helping hand from you or a loved one.

A11 (m11 to norwich) Essay Example

A11 (m11 to norwich) Essay Example A11 (m11 to norwich) Essay A11 (m11 to norwich) Essay Introduction Route Management Strategy is a technique developed by the Highways Agency to supply a model for pull offing single bole paths as portion of wider traffic webs. RMS s will mesh with Local Transport schemes ( set out in Local Transport Plans ) within the context established by Regional Planning counsel ( Ref para 3.1.34 A New Deal For Transport: Better for Everyone ) . The technique has been developed in order to: Help the Highways Agency in planning and optimizing investing in the Trunk/Motorway web Provide consistence, transparence, openness and integrating Maximise client focal point Improve frontward planning over a 10 twelvemonth skyline Mouchel Parkman is moving as advisers for the Highways Agency in presenting this RMS. Route Functions and Aims Path Functions Strategic Functions The Strategic maps of the path are: Part of the major nexus between London, the Midlands and East Anglia Path designated for high burden vehicles Key conveyance, vacation and leisure path Provides a major nexus to the port of Great Yarmouth Strategic nexus to Stansted Airport Regional Functions The Regional maps of the path are: Provides a nexus across Cambridgeshire, Suffolk and Norfolk Major nexus between regional Centres of population and employment ( i.e. Cambridge and Norwich ) Provides a beltway for through traffic Provides for the distribution of goods, industry and agribusiness Key entree to diversion along the path Local Functions The Local maps of the path are: Provides distribution map around population Centres Bypasses the towns along the path ; Cambridge, Newmarket, Thetford, Mildenhall, Attleborough and Wymondham Provides local entree and links to towns and small towns along the path Merely entree to some communities and single homes Path Aims Environment The Government Objective is: To understate the impact of the bole route web on both the natural and reinforced environment. The Route Aims are considered to be: To place where noise degrees are high To better air quality To promote traffic to utilize appropriate paths To utilize environmentally friendly lighting, where appropriate To protect watercourses To protect and heighten vegetations and zoologies, peculiarly Thetford Forest and Heath countries To work with responsible governments to keep a clean and tidy path To utilize sustainable stuffs, where appropriate Safety The Government Objective is: To better safety for all route users and contribute to the Government s new safety scheme and marks for 2010. The Route Aims are considered to be: To better safety for all users of the path to run into authorities marks for safety and accidents To better the proviso of lay-by installations to cut down driver weariness To better user security To better safety during route plants To rationalize and cut down the figure of direct entrees To better the safe operation of junctions To look into the proviso of improved lighting To accomplish a consistent high criterion of sign language and liner To promote travel at the appropriate velocity To supply appropriate exigency recreation paths Economy The Government Aims are: To take action to cut down congestion and increase the dependability of journey times. To give precedence to the care of bole roads and Bridgess with the wide aim of understating whole life costs. To educate developers about development associated traffic effects and the possible solutions. The Route Aims are considered to be: To lend to the strategic and regional map of the path To understate traffic break due to route plants To cut down congestion at junctions To better journey dependability To pull off the impact of new development along the path To accomplish optimal whole life costs with minimum break to users To maximize the handiness of the path for users To cut down congestion and extenuate the consequence of slow moving vehicles Handiness Government Objective is: To implement traffic direction, web control and other steps aimed at doing the best usage of the bing substructure and easing integrating with other conveyance manners. The Route Aims are considered to be: To better rhythm installations along and across the path To better entree to/from public conveyance To promote usage of appropriate proviso of public conveyance To better installations for non-motorised users To cut down community rupture To better installations for vulnerable route users Integration The Government Objective is: To lend to sustainable development by keeping, runing and bettering the bole route web in support of the Government s incorporate conveyance and land usage planning policies. The Route Aims are considered to be: To better user information To increase cognition of user forms To endeavor to incorporate the path with conveyance suppliers To lend to Local, Regional Transport Plans, Development Plans and Government Policies Possible Problems Following the period of public audience and both the RMS Seminar held in Thetford Forest on 29 April 2003 and the Value Management Workshop held at Bedford on 29 May 2003 a figure of Action Studies were raised to look into the identified jobs and place possible solutions: Fiveways Roundabout Thickthorn Traffic circle Lay-by Probe HGV A ; Oversize Vehicle Facilities Investigation Management of Road Maintenance Probe of Slip Road Standards Multimodal Opportunities A11/A14 Interchange Feasibility Safe Crossing Point at Elveden Road Safety at Elveden War Memorial Safety A ; Accessibility for Non-Motorised Road Users Probe of Gap Closures A ; Severance Ketteringham Junction Feasibility Safe Crossing Point at Fiveways Junction Landscape Management Plan Possible Actions Possible actions ensuing from the Action Studies and committed strategies include: TPI Attleborough Bypass TPI Fiveways to Thetford Closing of Tuddenham Gaps ( including reappraisal of severence ) Park Farm Gap Closure, Red Lodge Bridgeham Heath Peddars Way Crossing ( Stage 2 ) A11 Wymondham to A47 Thickthorn Concrete Carriageway Upgrade A11 Trunk Road Annual Safety Report Ketteringham Station Lane A ; Junction A11 Slip Road Study Wilbrahams Junction A11 Slip Road Study Moulton/ Chippenham Junction, Suffolk Pedestrian Facilities at Elveden Road Alignment Fiveways to Elveden Thickthorn Traffic circle Fiveways Roundabout Landscape Management Plan Biodiversity Management Plan A11 Slip Road Study Croxton Junctions, Norfolk Six Mile Bottom Drainage HGV A ; Oversize Vehicle Facilities Provision A ; Upgrade Accident/Maintenance Diversionary Paths Multimodal Opportunities Lay-By Provision and Upgrading Minor Intersections A ; Slip Road Standards Marker Posts/Emergency Telephones Besthorpe Junction Access Facilities for Non-Motorised Road Users Pedestrian Crossing at Fiveways Junction A11/A14 Interchange Feasibility The Actions identified above are included in the proposed ten twelvemonth direction program, which aims to steer the Highways Agency to pass the allocated financess for the A11 in the most appropriate mode over the following 10 old ages. Route description A 53 mile subdivision of the A11 is being considered for the Route Management Strategy. The A11 under consideration stretches north east from the M11/A1301 Stumps Cross Interchange ( junction 9A ) for 11.3 stat mis until fall ining the A14 at the Newmarket Bypass ( which is considered to be the A14 and outside of this survey ) . The survey country continues from the A14 Newmarket North Interchange, by and large north E for 41.7 stat mis, go throughing South of Mildenhall, short-circuiting Thetford and Attleborough to the North and Wymondham to the South, to the A47 Cringleford Thickthorn Interchange on the Norwich Southern Bypass. The A11 under survey base on ballss through the counties of Cambridgeshire, Suffolk and Norfolk. The A11 path bypasses all major small towns and towns along its length except for Elveden, which will be bypassed in the close hereafter For a ocular location of the RMS please refer to the map

saliva cortisol essays

saliva cortisol essays An increased amount of cortisol is released in response to a stressor which lasts longer than a few minutes this is released through a system called the hypothalomic-pituatry-adrenal axis (HPA axis). HPA axis is the combined system of corticopin-releasing hormone (CRH) adrenocorticotropohic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol release. Cortisol release is controlled by the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) which is positioned in the hypothalamus it is here that CRH is released when the person is put under stress this in turn causes the release of ACTH by acting on the pituitary gland this ACTH then causes the adrenal cortex to release cortisol. Cortisol is usually released in approximately fifteen minute bursts this occurs as CRH and ACTH are only released in pulses not a prolonged release over time this results in the level of cortisol dips between these pulses. Cortisol itself has roughly a half life of 100 minutes in blood. A prolonged burst of ACTH can cause the adrenal cortex to increase in size so that it can cope with the extra production of cortisol where as the opposite occurs if there is a decrease in the long term production of ACTH. The level of cortisol in the body is kept at safe levels by a process of negative and positive feedback throughout the brain. A certain amount of cortisol is always found in the bloodstream. Much like other things cortisol also has a circadian rhythm controlled by the suprachiasmatic nucleus the bodys internal clock. Cortisol peaks are found in the morning at approximately eight to ten oclock with the lowest amounts of cortisol being found in the evening before bedtime. This is due to the suprachiasmatic nucleus sending messages to the paraventricular nucleus approximately every hour causing CRH to be released resulting in the release of cortisol as described earlier. Abnormal circadian rhythms have been found in people with illnesses such as chronic fatigue syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome, se...

Definition of Happiness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Definition of Happiness - Essay Example Religious situations can describe happiness as the emotion felt when respective beliefs and Gods have answered prayers from different individuals. For example, believers of a certain religion can be referred to as happy after their prayers have been answered through the expected ways. Biologically, happiness can be described through the release of various hormones in the body that trigger various emotions. Biologists study happiness as a feeling that originates from various body organs. External forces such as personal and group accomplishments can also cause happiness. Additionally, individual health may contribute to levels of happiness. Research shows that individuals from healthy areas are bound to be happier than in unhealthy locations. The biological structure of various individual affects happiness rates in both the individual and surrounding beings. Economically, happiness can be described as a success in various financial sectors. For example, increase in the gross national product of different countries may instill feelings of happiness to the citizens of respective countries. The economic status of a country has effects on the happiness levels of individuals. People from poor nations may not have high levels of happiness compared to those born in developed and rich countries. The sense of belonging affects the natural levels of happiness. Individuals from rich countries are bound to have most of their responsibilities catered for; hence avoiding stress and increases the chances of happiness. It is also noticeable that employees from well-paying firms are happier and more productive than those from poorly paying and maintained organizations. It can be further mean a feeling that an individual goes through when his/her wishes or expectations are met.  Ã‚  

Existentialism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Existentialism - Essay Example This begins with the aspect that religion is a problem that afflicts humanity in daily struggles of life. For example, he asserts that religion has played the fundamental role of brainwashing and confusing people instead of providing light. This suggests that it has stopped being a necessity for humanity in their common endeavors to find meaning. There is also a disconnect between religion and nature that affects the existence of human beings amicably (Nishitani 339). This means that religion has a contradictory spectrum that conflicts with its necessity for the masses especially the poor. The writer makes some implications that people can always do without religion in their regular roles and responsibilities. This is through seeking the purpose of religion and aligning it with the essential needs of humanity especially in the understanding of life. Learning and arts in some aspects are not necessities as viewed by humanity in the context of sociological indoctrination. For example, in existentialism, the concept of the absurd affirms that humanity has nothing to gain from the world except the meaning they attach to its happenings. Additionally, the concept continues to add that there is a lot of meaningless in most of the things people value. This is also reflected in the futility of life whereby tragic events occur at the split of seconds without any warning (Nishitani 340). Therefore, the obsession with arts and learning in the context of education should be dissociated with the meaning of life to help humanity cope. Alternatively, even in the concept of authenticity in existentialism, it is upon the individual to find him/herself without making attachments to creations of other human beings. This suggests that a person should exercise his freedoms according to his wishes without getting affected by the demands of humanity. There are several consequential effects of attempting to force religion in the view of its purpose for the masses. This implies that it is a case of futility in attempting to understand the meaning of religion because it is not a necessity. It is also sociologically incorrect to subject it an existentialistic argument because it is devoid of human appeal. Another perspective deals with the issue of evaluating the merits and demerits of religion because it is also useless. This is because the seeking of religious quest leads to confusion in the search of the meaning of life. In other words, according to most of the existentialism concepts, there is no rationality in reaching decisions based on things defined by man (Nishitani 340). These include religious devotion and its eventual evaluation to derive some of meaning for humanity. It also connotes the sense of anger and despair in human beings on things that lack meaning in their daily existence. Religious quest is also paramount in terms of helping people to define themselves within the broader spectrums of nature. However, there are certain conflicting obstacles th at deter people from attaining the level of religious horizon or pinnacle. This is known to breed a sense of nihility and the questioning of self-being through doubts and indecisive moments (Nishitani 341). Therefore, in Nishitani’s assumptions, the ways become unblocked through the comprehension of nihility in its sense of unblocking the sense of self. The author defines nihility as a thing that attaches meaninglessness to the

Creation of the Food Dye Coloring of a New Drink Lab Report

Creation of the Food Dye Coloring of a New Drink - Lab Report Example Food coloring involves the use of chemicals that add the intended color to the food. It is added often to drinks, condiments, and processed foods with the major aim of improving or maintaining the way a certain food appears. The main goal of this experiment is to come up with a dye solution that has the same composition as the one contained in a given commercial beverage. Synthesizing artificial dyes is cheaper compared to naturally occurring ones. Food dyes are important because they are used for numerous functions. They are used by manufacturers to enhance colors which occur naturally, providing the identity of foods, decorative purposes like in cakes color the colorless foods, provide consistency where varieties exist in the coloring, and in avoiding color losses resulting from environmental elements.Food dyes that are commonly used are pure organic chemicals, therefore, their use is limited to very small concentrations. The dyes which have been approved to be used in foods, drugs , and cosmetics are referred to as FD&C dyes. They are mainly large organic molecules that are developed to enhance or color the foods. Food dyes are used in very low concentrations which have been tested to be safe when consumed by human beings. Dyes occur either in natural form or artificial form. Natural dyes are obtained from natural sources such as minerals, animals, and plants while artificial ones are produced synthetically.This experiment is limited to the use of UV-Vis spectrometer in determining absorbencies of various samples.

Depreciation And Provision For Depreciation Accounting Essay

Depreciation And Provision For Depreciation Accounting Essay Depreciation is the cost allocated as expense which has the effects of reducing the value of a fixed asset during the period it is used by a business. It is a non-cash expense and need to be charged to the Profit Loss account yearly which lowers the companys profit which increasing free cash flow. Fixed assets are long life. They are bought to assist in the operation of business but not with the main purpose of resale. They are in fact revenue-generating assets as they help to gain profit depending on their useful lives. Depreciable items include machinery, vehicles, buildings and fixtures There are reasons why assets may depreciate: Obsolescence: Assets are replaced because new and more efficient technology has been developed. Depletion or Exhaustion: The values of assets such as mines, quarries and oil wells diminish due to the extraction of raw materials from them. Passage of Time: Assets which have limited period of life in terms of years. The term amortization instead of depreciation is often used to refer this. Physical Deterioration: Assets become worn out after used. It becomes less cost- effective to perform and spend more to maintain and repair. The two most common methods used to calculate depreciation expense are: Straight line or Fixed Installment Method Reducing Balance or Diminishing Balance Method Straight Line Method An equal amount of depreciation over the estimated useful life of an asset is allocated for each year. Example : Original Cost : $30000 Estimated Residual Value : $6000 Estimated Useful Life : 6 Years Annual Depreciation = Original Cost Residual Value Estimated Useful Life = $ 30000 $6000 6 years = $4000 Reducing Balance Method Depreciation is calculated as a fixed percentage based on the book value of an asset at the beginning of the accounting year but not the cost of the asset. Example : Original Cost : $20000 Estimated Useful Life : 4 Years Rate of Depreciation : 20% per annum on the reducing balance Depreciation = Rate of Depreciation x Book Value at the Beginning of the Accounting Year Calculation $ Cost 20000 Year 1 (20% X 20000) (4000) 16000 Year 2 (20% X 15000) (3200) 12800 Year 3 (20% X 12800) (2560) 10240 Year 4 (20% X 10240) (2048) Net book value at end of Year 4 8192 Provision for Depreciation Provision for depreciation records accumulated depreciation. It is an asset contra account, hence a credit balance as shown as a deduction from the related fixed asset in the Balance Sheet. The balance of the provision for depreciation increases with time and the book value of the fixed asset decreases with time. Provision for  depreciation  account is the liability of business. By making provision for depreciation account, companys balance sheet will reflect the current value of fixed assets. When asset is sold, it accumulated provision for depreciation will be transfer from the credit side of provision for depreciation account. Then, we will compare it with the sale value of asset. If sale value of asset is more than the current book value of asset after adjusting from provision for depreciation, it will be profit on sale of asset. Why do business, companies, etc. include depreciation expenses and its provision in their financial statements? Reasons: To match the earning revenue The very first reason is to match the earning revenue. Depreciation is directly related to the matching concept. Matching concept is a concept that matches the expenses with related revenues. Under the matching concept, in a particular accounting period that the expenses are the cost of the assets used to earn the revenue, if there are no expenses there will be no revenues. Revenues cant generate without expenses. Therefore, when the expenses are matched with the revenues generated in the same period, the results will be the net profit or loss for that period. Example, consider ABC Woodworks Company, a woodworking business that purchases its own custom  woodworking machinery.   When ABC Woodworks Company purchases a new custom piece of machinery, this new machine is durable enough to last for several years.   In accounting terms, this means that the equipment is in use over several reporting  periods, not just the one in which the machine was purchased. Technological obsolescence Besides that, the purpose of depreciate the assets is to because of the technological obsolescence. Technological obsolescence generally occurs when a new product has been created to replace the old version. When a machine has ends its useful life, the business will need to buy another new machine to continue in order to produce goods. For an example, if the technology has been obsolete, the value of the revenue in the market will be very low. In that moment, the business will write off ( i.e. fully depreciated) the technology and the needs to buy a new and advance technology arise. Wear and Tear Next, the third reason of depreciation is wear and tear. What is wear and tear? It means that the asset has physically degenerated due to wear and tear in used. The more we used the assets the greater the wear and tear would be. There are many reasons of physical deteriorate of an asset example: erosion, accident, friction etc. The wear and tear is general but it is also cause of depreciation. Bad Debts Bad debts are the debts that are uncollectable from the debtors / customers. This usually happens when the firm sells an item on credit to the customers. A debt that is considered that wont be able to collect back by accountant only known as bad debt. For example, the customer has declared bankrupt, and this is where the accountant write the debt as bad debt. The accounting entry for bad debt is: Debit Bad Debt Expense Credit Account Receivable The credit entry reduces the account receivable balance while the debit entry increases the bad debts account which is expenses. Example: Tom Ltd sells goods to Jerry Ltd for $ 1000 on credit. Tom Ltd then found out that Jerry Ltd has been owed few companies, therefore there is a very low possibility that they will pay for the goods. Tom Ltd should write off the receivable from Jerry Ltd for this situation. The double entry will be recorded as: $ $ Debit Bad Debts Expense 1000 Credit Jerry Ltd (Account Receivable) 1000 The accounting solution is to make an allowance for bad debts, making the bad debts against sales when the bad debts accrued. Bad debts are needed to make appropriate adjustments to accounting data. Allowance for Doubtful Debts Doubtful debt is an expense to the business. It is a debt which is unlikely to be able to collect before turn to be bad debt. At the end of accounting period the budget of the business must be made on those amounts of the debtors. If we do not provide this account of doubtful debts, we may not be able to present a good productivity and profits of the business. In most circumstances it is estimated by applying a percentage to its debtors balance, which is likely go bad, during any one accounting period. The percentage is derived from the past experience of trend. In the first accounting period, the doubtful debt estimated will be recorded in full. In the subsequent accounting period, the variance of current and past period will be recorded. To record the increase in the doubtful debt estimation: Debit Profit and Loss (Expenses) Credit Allowance for doubtful debt To record the decrease in the doubtful debt estimation: Debit Allowance for doubtful debt Credit Profit and Loss (Revenue) Example: A business started on 1 January 2010. Its accounting period ended 31 December 2010. The total amount of debtors at the end of the accounting period was $30,000. It was estimated that 2% of the debtors would eventually go bad due to certain reasons but there was no evidence whether they were bankrupt or dead. Allowance for doubtful debt = % x Total debtors (after deducting bad debt) Solution: Allowance for Doubtful debt = 2% x $30,000 = $600 Debit Profit and Loss (Expenses) $600 Credit Allowance for doubtful debt $600 Reasons for Computing Allowance for Doubtful Debts Have a more accurate end of year account Not all debts will be decent at the end of the year account. This may be due to many different causes which consist of your debtor going bankrupt, dying or refuses to pay. These causes could mean that your business does not get all the money that was anticipated. This is why computing allowance for doubtful debts are so important. When you make an estimation based off a certain percentage you are giving your account a much more accurate lookout to go off. This means at the end of the year you will not be in huge astonishment if one of your debtors has been incapable to pay you. This means all your purchases will be more advantageous to the business overall. Will be capable to budget correctly Being capable to budget correctly is an advantage to any business. It will allow you to control and estimate cash flow well and also make more well-versed purchase decisions. When you make allowances for doubtful debts you are having fewer of a turnover at the end of the year. Yet the benefit is that you will not overspend on any stock, advertising or worker costs. Keeping your costs down is helpful to any businesses attainment. This is due to the fact overspending can put your business in a bad spot and avoid you from doing what is correct for your business. This is done to avoid over-stating the assets of the business as  trade debtors  are reported net of doubtful debt. These points are the main twos that you have to deliberate when making allowances. They are not the only two, but the two that can affect how you think about allowances for doubtful debts. Even if doing credit and debit accounting is not your thing it is also completely possible to outsource the entire process. This may charge you a bit of money but at the same time it will do your business a world of good and it is cheap compared to the possible risks. By keeping tracks of the amount of allowance for doubtful debt accounts, it will also mean that the bad debt expense will be stated closer to the time of sales rather than waiting for the account to be determined as uncollectable. Also, when the debtors of the company are paying well, the expense of allowance for doubtful debt may decrease. When this happens, it will be considered as revenue of the company. Thus, allowance for doubtful debt may not always be an expense to the company.

An analysis of the relationship between the hospitality culture and employees in China :: Business, Organization

According to Adelman et al. (1994); Bitner(1990); King (1985); King and Garey (1997),former research on service management have not considered the influence of culture on provide the service from staff. Tsang (2011) state that hospitality culture were focused on researches in recent years in China. Hospitality culture is not only very important for the hospitality industry, but also very significant for employees. In addition, hospitality culture is involved four factors: materials culture, behaviors culture, spiritual culture and rules culture. The key point of hospitality culture is spiritual culture, because this can determine the value of other cultures in the hospitality organization. Why hospitality culture so significant? There is some evidences to prove that hospitality culture is significant to the hotel organization. The First aspect, hospitality culture can improve the hotel services level and increase the turnover level. Mattila (1999) and Stauss and Mang (1999) argued that the customer estimate the service would depend on hospitality culture.The hotel has strict discipline to manage the staff, and staff must comply with the institutions during their working time. According to Martin and Lundberg(1991), Bennigan's is a America restaurant chain, it created research to find out why consumers did not come to their restaurants. The consequence is that only 15 per cent of consumers did not satisfied with the food, but 67 per cent of the consumers are dissatisfied with the staff's attitude. For instance, customers receive satisfying services, so they will remember these services and want to receive those services again next time. Although this is not enough to evaluate the results of a hotel service, it can make a good impression in customers’ minds. Secondly, it is not easy to fail the hotel have good culture in the strong competition of the hospitality industry. Nowadays, more and more businesses are focusing on hotels, so the hotel industry is face with fierce competition. When hotels have the same level of facilities,and hotel culture is the key point to estimate the hotel services. In addition, hotel culture can improve the position in the same industry. Hospitality culture and employees influence on each other. On the one hand, hospitality culture has some advantages and disadvantages to affect employees. At first, it can promote the skills of employees, because the hospitality lay out to train the employees’ skills. Shames and Glover (1988) claimed that human interaction and communication are involved in service experience as same as a social experience.

Toward the Modern Consciousness

Application of Darning's principle of organic evolution= social Darwinism most popular exponent of social Darwinism, Herbert Spencer, argued that societies were organisms that evolved through time from a struggle with their environment Darning's ideas applied to human society in an even more radical way by rabid nationalists and racists extreme nationalists argued that nations were in a â€Å"struggle for existence† German general Frederica von Bernhard argued: War is a biological necessity of the first importance, â€Å"War is the father of all things† Nationalist Association of Italy declared â€Å"we must teach Italy the value of international struggle. But international struggle is war? Well, then, let there be war! And nationalism will arouse the will for a strengthened More dangerous than in Germany Folk ( nation, people, or race) German foolish ideology, Houston Stewart Charmingly, became a German citizen.His book The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century, were the only pure successors of the â€Å"Aryans† who were portrayed as the true and original creators of Western culture Aryan race, under German leadership, must be prepared to fight for Western Civilization and save it from the destructive assaults of such lower races such as Jews, Negroes, and Orientals Jews singled out by German foolish nationalists as the racial enemy The Attack on Christianity and the Response of the Churches Industrialization and arbitration had an especially adverse effect on religious institutions Mass migration= change from the close- knit, traditional ties of the village in which the church had been a key force to new urban patterns of social life from which the churches were often excluded. Lattice movements also hostile to the established Christian churches predominantly Catholic countries imposed control over church courts, religious orders, and appointments of the clergy failure of evolutions, governments were eager to use the churches' aid in ree stablishing order close union of state authorities with established churches produced a backlash in the form of anticlericalism, especially in the liberal nation-states French republican government substituted civic training for religious instruction Toto undermine the Catholic church's control of education Catholic teaching orders were outlawed, church and state were completely separated Science became one of the chief threats to all the Christian churches Europeans seem to contradict the doctrine of divine reaction, seeking to suppress Darning's books & to forbid the teaching of the evolutionary hypothesis, the churches often caused even more educated people to reject established religions biblical scholars to apply critical principles to the Bible, leading to the so- called higher criticism Ernst Reran, French Catholic, Life of Jesus- questioned the historical accuracy of the Bible, Jesus not as the son of God but as a human being whose value lay in the example he provided by his life Christian churches rejection of modern ideas and forces Protestant fundamentalist sects maintain a literal interpretation of the Bible Pope Pips ‘X, also took a rigid stand against modern ideas, issued a papal encyclical called the Syllabus of Errors in which he stated that is â€Å"an error to believe that the Roman Pontiff can and ought to reconcile himself to and agree with progress, liberalism, and modern civilization† He condemned nationalism, socialism, religious toleration, and freedom of speech and press Religious movement called Modernism included an attempt by the churches the reinterpret Christianity in the light of new developments.Bible as a book of useful moral ideas, encouraged Christians to come involved in social reforms, churches must provide a greater sense of community Catholic church condemned Modernism & had driven it underground compromise Leo XIII, permitted the teaching of evolution as a hypothesis in Catholic schools encyclical De Rerun N ouveau, upheld the individual's right to private property but at the same time criticized â€Å"naked† capitalism for the poverty and degradation in which anti-religious foundations Salvation Army by William Booth, the army's first â€Å"general† Salvation Army established food centers, shelters, and â€Å"rescue homes† for women The Culture of Modernity revolution in physics and psychology was paralleled by a revolution in literature and the arts Naturalism and Symbolism in Literature literature was dominated by Naturalism material world as real and felt that literature should be realistic social problems, writers could contribute to an objective understanding of the world Naturalism was a continuation of Realism, it lacked the underlying note of liberal optimism about people and society Naturalists were pessimistic about Rupee's future and characters caught in the grip of forces beyond their control Emilee Kola provide a good example of NaturalismKola showed h ow alcoholism and different environments affected people's lives Darning's Origin of Species and had been impressed by its emphasis on the struggle for survival and the importance of environment and heredity His Oregon- McCarty, a 20- Volume series on the â€Å"natural and social history of a family† golden age for Russian literature Leo Tolstoy and Food Dostoevsky Tolstoy greatest work was War and Peace, lengthy novel played out against the historical background of Napoleon's invasion of Russia, realistic in its vivid description of military life and character portrayal, each person analyzed psychologically, face of fife's enduring values of human love and trust Dostoevsky combined narrative skill and acute psychological and moral observation, major problem of his age was a loss of spiritual belief, attempting to gain salvation through the construction of a materialistic paradise built only by human reason and will. Feared that the failure to incorporate spirit would result in total tyranny. Through suffering and faith could the human soul be purified, Crime and Punishment and The Brothers Karamazov. Symbolists reacted against Realism interested in writing poetry, believed that an objective knowledge of the world was impossible the external world was not real but only a collection of symbols that reflected the true reality of the individual human mind Art should function for its own sake, instead of serving, criticizing, or seeking to understand society W. B.Yeats and Rainier Maria Rile, poetry ceased to be part of popular culture because only through a knowledge of the poet's personal language could one hope to understand what the poem was saying Modernism in the Arts artists seeking new form of expression Impressionism, movement that originated in France when a group of artists rejected he studios and museums and went out into the countryside to paint nature directly Camille Pissarro, one of the founders, put into painting their impressions of the ch anging effects of light on objects in nature Claude Monet, enchanted with water , capture the interplay of light, water, and atmosphere, ESPECIALLY evident in Impression, Sunrise. Did not Just paint scenes from nature: streets, cabarets, rivers, and busy boulevards- wherever people congregated for work and leisure Berth Morison, practice of women beings only amateur artists and became a professional omen had special vision, â€Å"more delicate than that of of men†.Young Girl by the Window demonstrates flowing brush strokes. â€Å"l know I'm worth as much as they. † Post- Impressionism arose in France retained the Impressionist emphasis on light and color but revolutionized it even further by paying more attention to structure and form sought to use both color and line to express inner feelings and produce a personal statement of reality rather than an imitation of objects real beginnings of modern art sense of realism Paul C ©Zane, most important impressionist, Woman with Coffee Pot, sought to express visually the underlying geometric structure and form of everything he painted. â€Å"You must see in nature the cylinder, the sphere, and the cone. Tortured and tragic figure, Vincent Van Gogh, art was a spiritual experience interested in color and believed it could act as its own form of language artists should paint what they feel, evident in Starry Night task of art was to represent â€Å"reality† had lost much of its meaning psychology and the new physics made it evident that many people were not sure what constituted reality development of photography gave artists another season to reject visual realism photography became a popular and widespread after George Eastman produced the first Kodak camera for the mass market Unlike the camera, which could only mirror reality, artists could create reality As in literature, individual consciousness became the source of meaning the search for individual expression produced a wide variety of sch ools of painting Pablo Picasso, from Spain but settled in Paris, extremely flexible and painted in a remarkable variety of styles He developed Cubism that used geometric designs as visual stimuli to re- create laity in the viewer's mind Picasso work Less Demolishes d' Avignon= first Cubist painting Russian who worked in Germany, Wassail Sandbanks, one of the founders of abstract painting as is evident in Painting with White Border, sought to avoid representation altogether.Believed art should speak directly to the soul, avoid any visual reality and concentrate on color Modernism in music Romantics' attraction to exotic and primitive cultures had sparked attraction to exotic and primitive cultures folk music became increasingly important as musicians express their national identities Scandinavian composer, Advanced Grief, dedicated porter of Norwegian nationalism, expressed nationalism in lyric melodies found in folk music of his homeland, Peer Gent Suite= incidental music to a play by Henries Ibsen Impressionist music stressed elusive moods and haunting sensations and is distinct in its delicate beauty and elegance of sound linked to the Impressionist movement was Claude Debussy, Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun= inspired by a poem â€Å"Afternoon of a Faun† composed by his friend/poet SST ©phone Mallard ©, recreated in sound the overall feeling of the poem Other composers adopted stylistic idioms, primitive forms in an attempt to express less refined and therefore more genuine feelings musical primitivism was Igor Stravinsky, 20th century's most important composer international fame as a ballet composer with the Ballet Reuse, under the direction of Sergei Dishevel, revolutionized the world of music with a series of ballets The Fired, Puppeteers, The Rite of Spring= all based on Russian folk tales The Rite of Spring proved to be a revolutionary piece in the development of Paris audience and caused a riot at the theater new understanding of irratio nal forces

Looking At The Relationships Between Clients Social Work Essay Example

Looking At The Relationships Between Clients Social Work Essay Example Looking At The Relationships Between Clients Social Work Essay Looking At The Relationships Between Clients Social Work Essay The client came to confer with the declining father-son relationship and her boies behavioural jobs. She perceived it as a consequence of witnessing bridal force that she had been enduring for several months. She said her hubby had a bad pique, demoing no attention or regard to her and he frequently beat her in forepart of the kids after rummy. She remained tolerate and silent until the battery shifted to life endangering danger late. Harmonizing to what Mrs. Chan has said and worker s observation, there are three chief jobs in the household as listed below. Mrs. Chan has been enduring from her hubby s choleric pique and violent Acts of the Apostless over a long clip. The domestic force caused dangerous injuries to the client both physically and mentally. Empirical grounds shows that after physical maltreatment, the effects of psychological maltreatment can be even more detrimental. Women subsisters of domestic force have greater possibility to demo Post Traumatic Stress Disorder symptoms, along with dissociation, depression, anxiousness and terror, with lowered self-esteem and self-efficacy, and low quality of life. The Son s behavioural job The two kids have been exposed to their male parent s opprobrious behaviour to their female parent. Witnessing a violent event, peculiarly one affecting parents, is likely to ensue in kids s serious accommodation and behavioural jobs. Witnessing is a stressor comparable in impact to the direct experience of a violent act. The symptom becomes stronger when the force is 1 ) long permanent, 2 ) human designed,3 ) in which the attacker and victim are close to them. Child are likely to bring forth PTSD reactions such as backdown, aggression and trouble in concentration after exposure to force. Thus school public presentation of the boy deteriorated and his pique worsened. He went so far as to conceal some arms to assail his male parent in instance to protect Mrs. Chan. Family Relationss Family is a particular societal system which performs certain maps and certain duties. It performs the indispensable map of go toing to the societal and educational demands, wellness and wellbeing, and common attention of its members. The Chan s household is in a dysfunctional position. Missing communications in both spousal and parental relationships leads to blockings in giving attentions, meeting demands, establishing maps and executing duties. Mr. Chan is busy on concern every twenty-four hours and the whole household rarely have activities together. A nerve-racking household environment under force restrains looks of feelings. Besides, kids who witnessed domestic force ever face a job of trueness. Choosing either side to back up will convey jobs in household dealingss necessarily. These three jobs are non separated from each other. Alternatively, they are someway in causal relationships. Spousal force caused kids s behavioural jobs and hapless household interactions, so in the intercession procedure, we have to turn to the jobs one by one harmonizing to this order. Intervention stage In order to acquire the household back to operation, we devised an intercession program for the above-named jobs based on informed consent to the client and ethic codifications of societal worker. Aims Short-run aims: To maintain the safety of Mrs. Chan and her kids To measure and to retrieve the injury of Mrs. Chan and her kids To quash Mr. Chan s aggressive behaviour and excite his motivation to alter Long-run aims To forestall any physical and mental maltreatment in the household To better parenting accomplishments To reconstruct the communicating and to advance harmonious and healthy relationship in the household Scheme and principles PTSD Assessment The Keane MMPI ( MMPI2 ) -PTSD Scale As Mrs. Chan has been enduring from intimate spouse force for several months, the effects of the maltreatment on her should be detected by scientific methods. The Keane MMPI PTSD Scale has proven to be a dependable and valid step of PTSD in beat-up adult females. If any symptoms are discovered, the worker would mention Mrs. Chan to professional healer for farther intervention. Fiscal Assistance and Group preparation Due to economic independency and isolation, the victim has really small money of her ain and few people on whom she can trust when seeking aid, so the worker would help Mrs. Chan to use for some fiscal aid like CSSA. In add-on, she lacks specialised accomplishments, instruction, assurance, self-esteem, self-efficacy. Not anticipating any agencies of supports could worsen her sense of hopelessness, weakness and hence depression. Therefore, preparations are necessary to assist her discovery paid employment to back up herself every bit good as her kids. Group developing like horticulture, handcrafting, cooking etc. can non merely equip her with some basic professional accomplishments but besides provide her with more interpersonal web and societal support. Additions in self-pride are due to the chances for societal interaction, creativeness and self-expression ( Parker, 2004 ) . Solution-focused intervention There are a batch of theories to explicate why persons get violent behaviours in intimate relationships. The societal acquisition theory suggests that the wrongdoers learn by sing or witnessing force and intergenerational transmittal of force exists in domestic force. Others focused on abnormal psychology and personality features. Biological and physiological factors can besides assist to bring forth force. Substance maltreatment such as intoxicant and drug ingestion may besides account the state of affairs in some manner. However, every bit far as we know at the minute, we can non state the ground why Mr. Chan beats his married woman. The lone thing we are certain for the minute is that Mr. Chan should do a alteration to halt the opprobrious Acts of the Apostless and reconstruct the household operation. The solution-focused intervention deemphasizes jobs and emphasizes the building of solutions. Rather than inquiring the wrongdoer to be responsible for the job, the intervention requests the wrongdoer to be accountable for solutions. The twosome have been married for 20 old ages and Mr. Chan has ever been difficult working on concern to back up the household. Out of this love, plus the worker s stimulation and counsel, Mr. Chan is expected to determine motivations, set meaningful ends to extinguish force and develop new behaviour to work out the jobs step by measure. Assessment interview, single, twosome and household solution-talks and offender group developing workshops will be carried out with the furthering of the intercession. Harmonizing to the self-changing procedure theory, there are five phases in the procedure of an person s alteration pre-contemplation, contemplation, finding, action and care, while backsliding is likely to happen at all phases. Therefore, the procedure would take a long clip and it needs worker s forbearance and encouragement wholly along. Art therapy In the Chan s instance, the boy has likely shown some mild symptoms of PTSD. Without intercession, it will take to impossible effects. The miss s status should besides be followed up although there is still no obvious symptom on her. Sing the age of the two kids, the worker would follow art therapy in the intercession. Children shows greater decrease in PTSD symptoms through originative look such as drawing, picture, drama, or storytelling. We plan to utilize this attack to help kids to place and alter destructive belief forms, identify and express emotional residue, exercise personal control, make programs for future and interrupt down the sense of isolation. Family Gathering Interactions and communications are indispensable to household operation. The worker suggests Mr. and Mrs. Chan form more household activities that can affect the whole household to advance the household relationship. Harmonizing to parent-child interaction therapy, such activities can modify manners between the parent and kid, diminish kid behaviour jobs and advance positive parenting. Furthermore, household assemblages can give Mr. Chan a opportunity to cognize how his married woman takes attention of the kids every twenty-four hours, which can advance love and esteem between the twosome. It is hoped that these activities can be held at least one time per hebdomad.

The Effects of War on the Environment

The Effects of War on the Environment The natural environment has been a strategic element of war since the first rock was thrown by the first cave dweller. The armies of ancient Rome and Assyria, to ensure the total capitulation of their enemies, reportedly sowed salt into the cropland of their foes, making the soil useless for farming- an early use of military herbicide, and one of the most devastating environmental effects of war. But history also provides lessons in eco-sensitive warfare. The Bible, in Deuteronomy 20:19, stays the hand of the warrior to minimize wars impact on nature and men alike: When you besiege a city a long time, to make war against it in order to capture it, you shall not destroy its trees by swinging an axe against them; for you may eat from them, and you shall not cut them down. For is the tree of the field a man, that it should be besieged by you? War and the Environment: Weve Been Lucky so Far War is waged differently today, of course, and has widespread environmental impacts that last far longer. The technology has changed, and the potential effects of the technology are very different, says Carl Bruch, co-director of international programs at the Environmental Law Institute in Washington, D.C. Bruch, who is also the co-author of The Environmental Consequences of War: Legal, Economic, and Scientific Perspectives, notes that modern chemical, biological, and nuclear warfare has the potential to wreak unprecedented environmental havoc that, fortunately, we havent seen- yet. This is a great threat, Bruch says. But in some cases, precision weapons and other technological advances can shield the environment by targeting key facilities, leaving other areas relatively unscathed. You could make the argument that these weapons have the ability to minimize collateral damage, says Geoffrey Dabelko, director of the Environmental Change and Security Program at the Woodrow Wilson Center for Scholars in Washington, D.C. Its Local: the Impact of War Today Warfare today also occurs infrequently between independent nations; more often, armed conflict breaks out between rival factions within a nation. These localized civil wars, according to Bruch, are usually beyond the reach of international treaties and bodies of law. Internal conflict is viewed as a matter of sovereignty- an internal matter, he says. As a result, environmental damage, like human rights violations, occurs unchecked by outside organizations. Though skirmishes, armed conflicts, and open warfare vary tremendously by region and by weapons used, the effects of war on the environment usually involve the following broad categories. Habitat Destruction and Refugees Perhaps the most famous example of habitat devastation occurred during the Vietnam War  when U.S. forces sprayed herbicides like Agent Orange on the forests and mangrove swamps that provided cover to guerrilla soldiers. An estimated 20 million gallons of herbicide were used, decimating about 4.5 million acres in the countryside. Some regions are not expected to recover for several decades. Additionally, when warfare causes the mass movement of people, the resulting impacts on the environment can be catastrophic. Widespread deforestation, unchecked hunting, soil erosion, and contamination of land and water by human waste occur when thousands of humans are forced to settle in a new area. During the Rwandan conflict in 1994, much of that countrys Akagera National Park was opened to refugees; as a result, local populations of animals like the roan antelope and the eland became extinct. Invasive Species Military ships, cargo airplanes, and trucks often carry more than soldiers and munitions; non-native plants and animals can also ride along, invading new areas and wiping out native species in the process. Laysan Island in the Pacific Ocean was once home to a number of rare plants and animals, but troop movements during and after World War II introduced rats that nearly wiped out the Laysan finch and the Laysan rail, as well as bringing in sandbur, an invasive plant that crowds out the native bunchgrass that local birds depend on for habitat. Infrastructure Collapse Among the first and most vulnerable targets of attack in a military campaign are the enemys roads, bridges, utilities, and other infrastructure. While these dont form part of the natural environment, the destruction of wastewater treatment plants, for example, severely degrades regional water quality. During the 1990s fighting in Croatia, chemical manufacturing plants were bombed; because treatment facilities for chemical spills werent functioning, toxins flowed downstream unchecked until the conflict ended. Increased Production Even in regions not directly affected by warfare, increased production in manufacturing, agriculture and other industries that support a war effort can wreak havoc on the natural environment. During World War I, former wilderness areas of the United States came under cultivation for wheat, cotton, and other crops, while vast stands of timber were clear-cut to meet wartime demand for wood products. Timber in Liberia, oil in Sudan, and diamonds in Sierra Leone are all exploited by military factions. These provide a revenue stream that is used to buy weapons, says Bruch. Scorched Earth Practices, Hunting, and Poaching The destruction of your own homeland is a time-honored, albeit tragic, wartime custom. The term scorched earth originally applied to the burning of crops and buildings that might feed and shelter the enemy, but its now applied to any environmentally destructive strategy. To thwart invading Japanese troops during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945), Chinese authorities dynamited a dike on the Yellow River, drowning thousands of Japanese soldiers- and thousands of Chinese peasants- while also flooding millions of square miles of land. Similarly, if an army crawls on its stomach, as is often says, then feeding an army often requires hunting local animals, especially larger mammals that often have lower rates of reproduction. In the ongoing war in Sudan, poachers seeking meat for soldiers and civilians have had a tragic effect on bush animal populations in Garamba National Park, just across the border in the Democratic Republic of Congo. At one point, the number of elephants shrunk from 22,000 to 5,000, and there were only 15 white rhinos left alive. Biological, Chemical, and Nuclear Weapons The production, testing, transport and use of these advanced weapons is perhaps the single most destructive effects of war on the environment. Though their use has been strictly limited since the bombing of Japan by the U.S. military at the end of World War II, military analysts have grave concerns about the proliferation of nuclear material and chemical and biological weaponry. Weve been very fortunate that we have not seen the devastation that we might see, says Bruch. Researchers point to the use of depleted uranium (DU) as one particularly dangerous military trend. DU is a byproduct of the uranium-enrichment process. Almost twice as dense as lead, its valued in weapons for its ability to penetrate tank armor and other defenses. An estimated 320 tons of DU were used in the Gulf War in 1991; in addition to soil contamination, experts are concerned that soldiers and civilians may have been exposed to dangerous levels of the compound. How Environmental Problems Lead to War While the effects of war on the environment may be obvious, whats less clear are the ways that environmental damage itself leads to conflict. Factions in resource-poor countries like those in Africa, the Mideast, and Southeast Asia have historically used military force for material gain; they have few other options. Bruch explains that once armed conflict begins, soldiers and populations under siege must find immediate sources of food, water, and shelter, so theyre forced to adapt their thinking to short-term solutions, not long-term sustainability. This short-term desperation leads to a vicious cycle of conflict, followed by people who meet their immediate needs in unsustainable ways, bringing deprivation and disillusionment, which then leads to more conflict. One of the chief challenges is to break that cycle, Bruch says. Can Warfare Protect Nature? It seems counterintuitive, but some have argued that military conflicts often end up preserving the natural environment. Its one of the findings thats utterly contrary to expectations, says Jurgen Brauer, Ph.D., professor of economics at Augusta State University in Augusta, Ga. The most preserved area in all of Korea is the demilitarized zone because you have the exclusion of human activity, he says. Other researchers have noted that despite the massive amounts of herbicide use during the Vietnam War, more forests have been lost in that country since the war ended than during it, due to peacetime commerce and Vietnams quest for prosperity. The coal-black skies caused by the Kuwaiti oil fires in 1991 provided dramatic visual evidence of war-related environmental damage. However, these oil fires burned in one month roughly the amount of oil burned by the United States in a single day. Peace can be damaging, too, says Dabelko. You have some of these ironic twists. But experts are quick to emphasize that this is not an argument in favor of armed conflict. War is not good for the environment, adds Brauer, who is also an author of War and Nature: The Environmental Consequences of War in a Globalized World. And Bruch notes that warfare only delays the environmental damage of peaceful human activity and commerce. It may provide a respite, but the long-term effects of war arent that different from what happens under commercial development, he says. Winning the Peace As military planning evolves, it becomes apparent that the environment now plays a greater role in successful combat, especially after an armed conflict ends. At the end of the day, if youre trying to occupy an area, you have a strong incentive not to ruin it, Dabelko says. The aforementioned biblical quote from Deuteronomy about preserving trees is, perhaps, good advice for the ages. And some warriors are learning that theres more to be gained from preserving the environment than in destroying it. In war-torn Mozambique, former military combatants have been hired to work together as park rangers protecting the wildlife and natural habitats that they once sought to destroy. That built bridges between the military and the park service. It has worked, Bruch says. Natural resources can be very important in providing jobs and opportunities in post-conflict societies.

Prevention and Eradication of Ebola in Nigeria Coursework

Prevention and Eradication of Ebola in Nigeria - Coursework Example Ebola virus refers to the genus Ebolavirus that include five different virus species named for the region where they were primarily detected. They are Zaire ebolavirus, Bundibugyo ebolavirus, Reston ebolavirus, Sydan ebolavirus and TaÃ'â€" Forest ebolavirus. All of the species of the Ebolavirus genus contain one member virus. Among these viruses four provoke Ebola virus disease (EVD) in humans and Reston ebolavirus causes EVD in other primates. (Jens H. Kuhn, 2010) Ebola virus disease, also called Ebola hemorrhagic fever and defined as an acute usually fatal disease in humans. EVD characterized with the damage of the immune system and organs. Ebola virus has a quite high rate of the replication. After entering the human body through the contact with skin breaks or mucous membranes it rapidly replicates in different types of cells of the immune system such as monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells and other types of cells such as fibroblasts, adrenal gland cells and liver cells. T he immune cells transport the virus to the lymph nodes where further replication occurs and viral parts enter the blood stream. (Duane J. Funk, 2015) Hence, the virus major target is immune system cells especially macrophages. Virus reproduction in the immune cells triggers their programmed cell death that leads to the weakened immune system response. After three days of the virus exposure it affects endothelial cells that form endothelium a thin layer of the interior surface of the lymphatic vessels and blood vessels.

Managing in ContemporaryTimes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Managing in ContemporaryTimes - Essay Example Discussion Doug Ivester was appointed as a CEO of the Coca Cola Company for a shorter period of time. This part of the essay will discuss about the impact of personality of Doug Ivester on the entire organizational culture with the help of The Big Five Personality Trait Model. Big Five Personality Trait The Big Five Personality Traits are referred as five broad dimensions or domains of personality of an individual that are utilized to describe the personality of several human beings in the field of psychology. These particular five factors are openness, extraversion, agreeableness, emotional stability and conscientiousness. Openness is the particular dimension that includes having broad interest, and being insightful and imaginative to new experiences. Openness is the degree to which an individual has a wide range of interest, creativity and innovation (Jones & George, 2008). The wide dimension of extraversion includes various specific traits, such as energetic, talkative and asserti ve. This extraversion characteristic also includes the characteristic of self-preference, individuality and dominance. Agreeableness dimension includes several specific traits, such as kind, affectionate and sympathetic. ... It is better to have a leader with less positive traits and none negative traits. Negative traits act as the constraint for a leader to return back to the position the leader was famous for. Several personality traits define the characteristic and personality of the managers or leaders in the organization. It is true that all the leaders and managers follow different leadership style to manage workplace environment and business performance of the organization. Different leadership highly depends upon the different personality traits of the managers and leaders. Therefore, different personality traits can impact on the organizational culture differently. Following example will help the reader to understand the impact of personality of a leader on entire organizational culture. Impact on Coca Cola’s Organizational Culture It is discussed earlier that Doug Ivester was appointed as a CEO of the Coca Cola Company for a shorter period of time. It is clear from above discussion that the dimension of extraversion includes various traits, such as talkative, assertive and energetic that defines the personality of a leader. The personality of Doug Ivester was the example of opposite of the extraversion dimension. He served the organization for a shorter period of time. He had a low degree both extrovert and dominant. He was known to be very reserved person in several situations (Alkahtani, Abu-jarad, Sulaiman & Nikbin, 2011). In addition to this, he did not have the desire to motivate others. He was only concerned about strategy development, strategy implementation and focusing on the performance of the strategies. He never understood the significance of interpersonal relationship with the employees of various departments. In

The Things They Carried by Tim O' Brian Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Things They Carried by Tim O' Brian - Essay Example Each of them finds many things to blame, and they all, at times, also blame themselves. Two characters in particular highlight the struggle for a way to apportion blame, namely the soldier Norman Bowker and the author/narrator Tim O’Brien. This paper explains that the point of the book is to illustrate how soldiers should accept personal responsibility only for confessing the truth about what happened, and allocate all the blame and guilt to collective or impersonal agencies like chance, nature, god, or the human condition. The character of Norman Bowker represents a thinking soldier who goes through a fairly standard Vietnam War experience. His thoughtful nature is illustrated at the start of Speaking of Courage when his younger self is depicted â€Å"talking about urgent matters, worrying about the existence of God and theories of causation† (p. 132). These are quite normal preoccupations for a teenager, and it is stressed that this theoretical speculation takes place before there was any sign of the war, in the beautiful countryside of his youth. Even in this idealized, innocent state, Bowker notes that futile tragedy could occur. He reports â€Å"the lake had drowned his friend Max†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p.132). After the war is over, Norman is haunted by what he sees as his own guilt in the death of his comrade in arms Kiowa. He thinks that if he had acted differently, maybe he could have done something, but he has difficulty expressing himself to the civilians around him. He thinks they will not understand, and, as his mother puts it he does not want to be a bother to them. Norman writes to the Tim O,Brien/narrator character asking for Tim, who is a writer, to tell the story of â€Å"the terrible killing power of that shit field† (p. 153). He is referring here to the stinking muddy field into which the noble character Kiowa’s dead body sank. On one level, then, Norman realises that that the natural

Apple Marketing Strategy Essay Example for Free

Apple Marketing Strategy Essay 1. Apple Marketing StrategyApple has been so successful in these last years thanks to his fresh, imaginative way to think and do its business: awinning combination of exceptional products, great style and design, great strategy, innovative marketing, sleekand enticing communications.Apple owes its overwhelming success in the last years to the iPhone and to the smart iPod and iTunes productcombination, a combination of a great hardware piece with great style, great software, great performance, userfriendly interface, with a good e-business service. The iPod + iTunes halo effect and new great Mac computers andMac OS software did the rest in increasing Apple revenue stream. In the 5 years between 2003 to 2008 the Apple share value increased 25 times, from $7.5 to $180 per share. At july2008 prices, before the US Financial Crisis, Apple stock market capitalization was $160 billion.In January 2010 Apple shares topped the $210 mark.But even the best companies with the best products have bottleneck factors which often avoid full exploitation ofthe opportunities.The iPod.Few people are aware and few market analysts too that for the first 3 years the iPod was an absolute flop. TheiPod was launched in october 2001, and between 2001 and 2004 iPod sales were between 100-200 thousand unitsper quarter, very far from todays 10-20 million units per quarter, and the iPod sales were not even covering theproduct research development costs. Then, in June-Aug 2004 something happened, and iPod sales began to grow strongly, quarter after quarter. Today,we all know where the iPod stands, and what a remarkable success it is.The iPod made the fortune of Apple, and it stands out as the major turning point in the company growth.Few people know that the iPod + iTunes business idea was not conceived inside Apple, but was proposed to Appleby an outside source, a music lover and Engineer named Tony Fadell.More on Tony Fadell and on the iPod marketing on iPod Marketing StrategyThe iPod marks another outstanding result in marketing:the annihilation of competitors. To know more see the analysis onThe iPod competitorsIt should be noted that, since the second generation of iPods in 2002, the iPods were made compatible not only withthe Mac operating systems but with Microsoft Windows operating systems as well.We should ask ourselves (and to Steve Jobs): how many iPods would have been sold if the iPods would had beencompatible only with Mac operating systems?Where the iPod is manufactured and assembledThe iPhone. The pipeline of new products which came out from Apple in the last years is impressive, and overwhelming. In 2007,with the successful launch of the iPhone, Apple has marked another milestone in its development and growth.And moreover, the iPhone enters a market the market of mobile phones a market which is mature, and saturated.Nonetheless, Apple has been able to develop a revolutionary product, and to change the paradigm in the mobile 2. Phone market.The iPhone is 5 years ahead of all its competitors. A wonderful product, amazing user interface, great design. It isnot only a mobile phone, it is a product between a mobile phone and a laptop computer. Even calling it asmartphone is not enough.In July 2008 Apple launched the second generation iPhone, the iPhone 3G.The iPhone 3GS.In June 2009 Apple launched its third generation iPhone: the iPhone 3GS.The iPhone 3GS has a 3 megapixel autofocus camera, video recording and editing capabilities, voice control, longerbattery life, 7.2 Mbps HSDPA internet connection. iPhone 3GS is twice faster than the iPhone 3G. The iPhone 3GSprices: $199 for the 16GB model, $299 for the 32GB model.more on the new iPhone 3GS on the iPhone 3GS page.More on iPhone Marketing on the iPhone Marketing Strategy page.Apple did great. no doubt. However Apple has done some serious mistakes.The most serious mistakes Apple has done concern marketing and distribution strategies in Europe.Apple has overlooked the European markets, and missing big numbers in unexploited sales. With better marketingstrategy, better communication and distribution, Apple could have made 300% more revenues in Europe in the last 4years. Apple Marketing in EuropeWe met with with Erik Stannow, Apple Vice President of Marketing for Europe EMEA. We have been talking withErik Stannow about the marketing and distribution issues of Apple in the European markets and we gave somevaluable suggestions to improve the Apple marketing strategy and distribution in Europe.Well, it seems that in Cupertino they dont care so much about Europe.Steve JobsIf we talk about Apple success, about Apple great products, we need to talk about Steve Jobs. Steve Jobs has beenand is the great mind behind all this.Steve Jobs is a genius, he is a magician, too. He is the most skilled guy in introducing new products one morething the most skilled in presenting the key features, and he is a great communicator. Even more important, Steve Jobs has Vision. Vision in the strategy, Vision in the product development, Vision in thealliances.Apple Communication Strategy.Apple communication is sober, intriguing, simple, clear, minimalist and clever. And it has a style of its own. Both inthe tv ads, both in print ads, both in the online communications. A lesson to be learned by many companies in theworld. Well, of course when you have great products it is much easier to entice the costumers, but neverthelessdoing it with style and cleverness is a very good point. It boosts sales, but enhances the brand value too.The famous I am a Mac, I am a PC tv ads are a milestone in communications. Smart, simple, effective andhumiliating (for Microsoft ).More on Apple Communications and on the Apple Commercials I am a Mac I am a PC on the AppleCommunication Strategy page.